Diabetes
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Quiz
1.What factors describe type 1 and type 2 diabetes? Drag the options to the correct column.
| Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes |
|---|---|
Pancreas stops making insulin
Develops in people over 40
Develops before the age of 20
Immune system destroys pancreas cell
Connected with the lack of exercise and poor diet
About 10% of cases
Body cells do not respond to insulin
About 90% of cases
2. Complete these two flow diagrams to show how the body reacts to high and low blood glucose levels in a healthy person. Drag the options to the correct column.
Blood glucose above normal
Blood glucose below normal
Insulin tells the liver to store glucose as glycogen
Blood glucose levels rise to normal level
Pancreas releases insulin
Blood glucose levels fall back to normal
Detected by pancreas
Pancreas releases glucagon
Glucagon tells liver to release stored glucose
Detected by pancreas
3. In type 1 diabetes, when should short acting insulin injections be taken?
4. What is a simple and inexpensive test for diabetes?
5. Should genetic screening be used to identify people who run a high risk of developing diabetes?
Autoimmune disease
A disorder where the body's immune system behaves abnormally and
starts attacking its own cells
Autopsies
The study of the human body to investigate how a disease or injury
lead to death
Cardiovascular disorders
Diseases linked to the heart and its blood vessels, for example heart
disease and stroke
Embryo
The name for a group of cells that are developing into a fetus. In
humans this is from implantation to the 8th week of development
Glossary
A list of often difficult or specialized words with their definitions
Fermentation
Process where microorganisms are cultured so that they reproduce and
increase in quantity
Gene
A short piece of DNA which is responsible for the inheritance of a
particular characteristic. It codes for the production of a specific
protein
Gene therapy
A new, experimental method of fighting disease by replacing a
defective gene with a healthy gene
Genetic engineering
A general name for the processes which scientists use to produce
desired characteristics or substances that are in short supply, such
as human insulin
Glucagon
A hormone produced by the pancreas. It causes the liver to convert
glycogen back to glucose and to release glucose into the bloodstream.
Glucose
A type of sugar: a mono saccharide with 6 carbon atoms (a hexose
sugar)
Harvested
The process by which a useful substance is extracted
Home Office
The UK government department responsible for regulating the use of
animals in scientific research
Hormone
A chemical messenger produced by a particular gland or cells of the
endocrine system. Hormones are transported throughout the body in the
blood stream but they produce a response only in specific target
cells
Hyperglycaemic
This is the term used when the blood glucose level is too high (more
than 10 mmol/l)
Hypoglycaemic
This is the term used when the blood glucose level is too low (less
than 4 mmol/l)
Immune system
The body's own system for protecting it against disease (where it
produces antibodies to attack invading pathogens)
In vitro fertilisation
A process where the egg is fertilised outside of the body and then
transferred back into the uterus to develop normally
Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas. It allows cells in the body to
take in and store glucose.
Liver
A large organ in the upper abdomen which manufactures, stores and
breaks down substances as required by the body
Non-animal alternatives
Processes such as cell culture, computer modelling, imaging and
microdosing of human volunteers that can give information on
potential harmful effects of a substance
Obesity
A disorder where an excessive amount of fat has accumulated in the
body. It results when the energy taken in as food is stored in the
body instead of being used up through activity
Pancreas
An endocrine gland which produces insulin
Respiration
The biochemical process by which the cells in the body releases
energy
Sterile
Uncontaminated by microorganisms
UK Law [for animal testing]
Animal welfare is regulated in the UK by the Animal (Scientific
Procedures) Act 1986
